This article explores sectors identified innovation in Spanish pharmaceutical companies.It also considers domestic firms and foreign subsidiaries in the country.The analysis covers the period 2009 to 2011 for a population N=200 affiliates at that time Farmaindustria and Plan Profarma.The work involved a search of useful information on the websites
Natural and cross ventilation is recognized as an important measure for introducing outdoor fresh air to indoor without the use of mechanical equipment.Plenty of fruitful studies for elucidating natural and cross ventilation mechanisms have been reported adopting experimental and computational methods.Field and wind tunnel experiments could provide
The goal of this research is to investigate whether taxation affects the leverage decisions of banks and if the response of leverage to tax increases depends on profit-shifting opportunities available to individual banks.This topic remains controversial since it is often believed that banking regulation is such an essential driver of leverage choic
Power transformers are fundamental components in electrical grids, requiring robust insulation to operate reliably under various abnormal conditions, including overvoltages caused by lightning or switching.As defined by existing standards, the Basic Insulation Level (BIL) or Switching Insulation Level (SIL) of a transformer validates its reliabilit